Endometrial cancer begins in the layer of cells that form the lining (endometrium) of the uterus. Endometrial cancer is sometimes called uterine cancer. Other types of cancer can form in the uterus, including uterine sarcoma, but they are much less common than endometrial cancer.
Endometrial cancer is often detected at an early stage because it frequently produces abnormal vaginal bleeding. If endometrial cancer is discovered early, removing the uterus surgically often cures endometrial cancer.
The risk of endometrial cancer increases with age. Most cases of endometrial cancer are diagnosed between the ages of 45 and 74 years old.
Several other risk factors may also raise the risk of endometrial cancer, including:
In most cases, the exact cause of endometrial cancer is unknown. However, experts believe that changes in the level of estrogen and progesterone in the body often play a part.
When the levels of those sex hormones fluctuate, it affects your endometrium. When the balance shifts toward increased levels of estrogen, it causes endometrial cells to divide and multiply.
If certain genetic changes occur in endometrial cells, they become cancer. Those cancer cells rapidly grow and form a tumor.
Scientists are still studying the changes that cause normal endometrial cells to become cancer cells.
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